Fuel pump contamination can pose serious threats to fuel system efficiency, or even to the performance of the engine. Contamination usually comes from small-sized particles, rust, or moisture in the fuel tank that may block the fuel pump and reduce its life span. Research shows that even small particles as small as 10 microns can cause wear and tear on internal components within the pump. The wear gradually reduces the pump’s efficiency as contaminants interfere with its ability to maintain a consistent flow rate and pressure, generally between 30-80 psi for most vehicles. If contamination goes unchecked, the pump may be in for premature replacement, costing anywhere between $400 to $800.
Water contamination is highly hazardous in fuel systems as it develops a potential for corrosion inside the pump. Commonly, the admixture of water and ethanol-based fuels creates an corrosive situation inside the pump that degrades its metallic parts. Most such fuel pumps often live shorter lives in regions that are usually characterized by high moisture levels or in vehicles that often are under constant rain or snow. Water is considered to decrease the power of a pump by up to 15%, and with this, it is assumed that there will be reduced fuel flow and poor and insufficient engine performance.
Another risk factor is the breakdown of liners in the fuel tanks of older vehicles. Some fuel tanks have an inner lining that deteriorates over time and sheds flakes and loose particles directly into the fuel. These contaminants build up inside the fuel filter and eventually inside the pump itself, causing blockage. Many mechanics will find that high-mileage vehicles, especially those above 100,000 miles, have much more frequent clogging due to tank linings becoming brittle enough to shed contaminating particles into the fuel.
Contamination risks are increased by the use of poor-quality fuel. Low-quality fuels contain a lot of impurities that, over a certain period, accumulate in the pump, filter, and fuel injectors. With regular use of quality fuel, as well as replacements at 30,000 to 50,000 miles, the contamination risk is reduced a great deal, enabling the Fuel Pump to function properly.
As Lee Iacocca, one of the world’s leading automotive experts once said: “In the end, all business operations can be reduced to three words: people, product, and profits.” A clean fuel pump is essential to maintaining product quality and efficiency. For robust fuel pumps that can handle a bit of contamination, see Fuel Pump.